High Victorian Gothic

High Victorian Gothic was an eclectic architectural style and movement during the mid-late 19th century. It is seen by architectural historians as either a sub-style of the broader Gothic Revival style, or a separate style in its own right.

Promoted and derived from the works of the architect and theorist John Ruskin, though it eventually diverged, it is sometimes referred to as Ruskinian Gothic. It is characterised by the use of polychrome decoration, "use of varying texture", and Gothic details. The architectural scholar James Stevens Curl describes it thus: "Style of the somewhat harsh polychrome structures of the Gothic Revival in the 1850s and 1860s when Ruskin held sway as the arbiter of taste. Like High Gothic, it is an unsatisfactory term, as it poses the question as to what is 'Low Victorian'. 'Mid-Victorian' would, perhaps, be more useful, but precise dates and description of styles would be more so."

Among the best-known practitioners of the style were William Butterfield, Sir Gilbert Scott, G. E. Street, and Alfred Waterhouse. The last's Victoria Building at Liverpool University, described by Sir Charles Reilly as "the colour of mud and blood", was the inspiration for the term "red brick university" (as opposed to Oxbridge and the other ancient universities).

In the 1870s, the style became popular for civic, commercial, and religious architecture in the United States, though was uncommon for residential structures. It was frequently used for what became the "Old Main" of various schools and universities in the late 19th century United States. The Stick Style is sometimes considered the wooden manifestation of the High Victorian Gothic style.

Examples

United Kingdom

• All Saints, Margaret Street, London. Butterfield, 1849â€"59
• Manchester Town Hall. Waterhouse, 1863â€"77
• Albert Memorial, London. Scott, 1872
• Royal Courts of Justice, London. Street, 1873â€"82

United States

• Hudson River State Hospital New York
• Memorial Hall (Harvard University), Cambridge, Massachusetts
• New Haven City Hall and County Courthouse, Connecticut
• The Miller School of Albemarle, Albemarle County, Virginia (1878-1884)

See also

• Bristol Byzantine
• Venetian Gothic architecture
• Victorian architecture

Notes

References

• Brownell, Charles (ed) (1992). Making of Virginia Architecture. Charlottesville: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. ISBN 091704634X. 
• McAlester, Virginia; Lee McAlester (1984). A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred H. Knopf. ISBN 0394739698. 
• Powers, Alan. "Liverpool and Architectural Education in the Early Twentieth Century". In Sharples, Joseph. Charles Reilly & the Liverpool School of Architecture 1904â€"1933. pp. 1â€"23. ISBN 0853239010. 

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