Terence "Terry" Chi-Shen Tao FAA FRS (simplified Chinese: 陶å"²è½©; traditional Chinese: 陶å"²è»'; pinyin: Táo ZhéxuÄn) (born 17 July 1975, Adelaide), is an Australian-American mathematician working in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, additive combinatorics, ergodic Ramsey theory, random matrix theory, and analytic number theory. He currently holds the James and Carol Collins chair in mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Tao was a co-recipient of the 2006 Fields Medal and the 2014 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics.
§Personal life
Tao exhibited extraordinary mathematical abilities from an early age, attending university level mathematics courses at the age of nine. He and Lenhard Ng are the only two children in the history of the Johns Hopkins' Study of Exceptional Talent program to have achieved a score of 700 or greater on the SAT math section while just 8 years old. Tao scored a 760. Also at the age of 8,Tao began to teach high school calculus at Garfield High School after attending calculus courses when he was only 7 years old. In 1986, 1987, and 1988, Tao was the youngest participant to date in the International Mathematical Olympiad, first competing at the age of ten, winning a bronze, silver, and gold medal respectively.
He remains the youngest winner of each of the three medals in the Olympiad's history, winning the gold medal shortly after his thirteenth birthday. At age 14, Tao attended the Research Science Institute. When he was 15 he published his first assistant paper. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees (at the age of 16) from Flinders University under Garth Gaudry. In 1992 he won a Fulbright Scholarship to undertake postgraduate study in the United States. From 1992 to 1996, Tao was a graduate student at Princeton University under the direction of Elias Stein, receiving his PhD at the age of 21. He joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles in 1996. When he was 24, he was promoted to full professor at UCLA and remains the youngest person ever appointed to that rank by the institution.
Tao has two brothers living in Australia, both of whom represented Australia at the International Mathematical Olympiad.
- Nigel Tao was part of the team at Google Australia that created Google Wave. He now works on the Go programming language.
- Trevor Tao has a double degree in mathematics and music and will soon be featured in a book on autistic savants.
Tao, his wife Laura (an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory), their son, and their daughter live in Los Angeles, California.
§Research and awards
Tao has won numerous honors and awards. He received the Salem Prize in 2000, the Bôcher Memorial Prize in 2002, and the Clay Research Award in 2003, for his contributions to analysis including work on the Kakeya conjecture and wave maps. In 2005, he received the American Mathematical Society's Levi L. Conant Prize with Allen Knutson, and in 2006 he was awarded the SASTRA Ramanujan Prize.
In 2004, Ben Green and Tao released a preprint proving what is now known as the Greenâ€"Tao theorem. This theorem states that there are arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions of prime numbers. The New York Times described it this way:
For this and other work Tao was awarded the Australian Mathematical Society Medal of 2004.
In August 2006, at the 25th International Congress of Mathematicians in Madrid, he became one of the youngest persons, the first Australian, and the first UCLA faculty member ever to be awarded a Fields Medal. An article by New Scientist writes of his ability:
Tao was a finalist to become Australian of the Year in 2007. He is a corresponding member of the Australian Academy of Science, and in 2007 was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. In the same year Tao also published Tao's inequality, an extension to the Szemerédi regularity lemma in the field of information theory.
In April 2008, Tao received the Alan T. Waterman Award, which recognizes an early career scientist for outstanding contributions in their field. In addition to a medal, Waterman awardees also receive a $500,000 grant for advanced research.
In December 2008, he was named the Lars Onsager lecturer of 2008, for "his combination of mathematical depth, width and volume in a manner unprecedented in contemporary mathematics". He was presented the Onsager Medal, and held his Lars Onsager lecture entitled "Structure and randomness in the prime numbers" at NTNU, Norway.
Tao was also elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009.
In 2010, he received the King Faisal International Prize jointly with Enrico Bombieri. Also in 2010, he was awarded the Nemmers Prize in Mathematics and the Polya Prize (SIAM). Tao and Van H. Vu solved the circular law conjecture.
Tao also made contributions to the study of the ErdÅ'sâ€"Straus conjecture in 2011 by showing that the number of solutions to the ErdÅ'sâ€"Straus equation increases polylogarithmically as n tends to infinity.
In 2012 he and Jean Bourgain received the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Also, in 2012, he was selected as a Simons Investigator. He proved that every odd integer greater than 1 is the sum of at most five primes.
He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the Australian Academy of Sciences (Corresponding Member), the National Academy of Sciences (Foreign member), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Mathematical Society. In 2006, he received the Fields Medal "for his contributions to partial differential equations, combinatorics, harmonic analysis and additive number theory", and in 2006, he was awarded the MacArthur Fellowship. He has been featured in The New York Times, CNN, USA Today, Popular Science, and many other media outlets.
As of 2013 Tao has published over 250 research papers and 17 books. He has an ErdÅ's number of 2.
In 2014 Tao received a CTY Distinguished Alumni Honor from Johns Hopkins Center for Gifted and Talented Youth in front of 963 attendees in 8th and 9th grade that are in the same program that Tao graduated from.
§Notable awards
- Salem Prize (2000)
- Bôcher Memorial Prize (2002)
- Clay Research Award (2003)
- Australian Mathematical Society Medal (2005)
- Ostrowski Prize (2005)
- Levi L.Conant Prize (2005)
- ISAAC award(2005)
- Fields Medal (2006)
- MacArthur Award (2006)
- SASTRA Ramanujan Prize (2006)
- Sloan Fellowship (2006)
- Fellow of the Royal Society (2007)
- Alan T. Waterman Award (2008)
- Onsager Medal (2008)
- Inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2009)
- King Faisal International Prize (2010)
- Nemmers Prize in Mathematics (2010)
- Polya Prize (2010)
- Crafoord Prize (2012)
- Inaugural recipient of the Center for Excellence in Education's Joseph I. Lieberman Award (2013)
- Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics (2014)
- Royal Medal (2014)
- Johns Hopkins CTY Distinguished Alumnus (2014)
§Book publications
- Solving Mathematical Problems: A Personal Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2006
- Analysis, Vols I and II, Hindustan Book Agency, 2006
- Additive Combinatorics, with Van H. Vu, Cambridge University Press, 2006
- Nonlinear dispersive equations: local and global analysis, CBMS regional series in mathematics, 2006.
- Structure and Randomness: pages from year one of a mathematical blog, American Mathematical Society. 2008
- Poincaré's legacies: pages from year two of a mathematical blog, Vols. I and II, American Mathematical Society, 2009
- An Introduction to Measure Theory, American Mathematical Society, 2011
- An Epsilon of Room, I: Real Analysis: pages from year three of a mathematical blog, American Mathematical Society, 2011 (online version)
- An Epsilon of Room, II: pages from year three of a mathematical blog, American Mathematical Society, 2011 (online version)
- An Introduction to Measure Theory. American Mathematical Society, 2011, (online version)
- Topics in Random Matrix Theory, American Mathematical Society, 2012 (online version)
- Higher-order Fourier Analysis, American Mathematical Society, 2012 (online version)
- Compactness and Contradiction, American Mathematical Society, 2013 (online version)
- Hilbert's Fifth Problem and Related Topics, American Mathematical Society, 2014 (online version)
§See also
- Arithmetic combinatorics
- Circular law
- Greenâ€"Tao theorem
- Influence of non-standard analysis
- Navierâ€"Stokes existence and smoothness
- Tao's inequality
- Twin prime conjecture
§References
§External links
- Terence Tao's home page
- Tao's research blog
- Beautiful minds THE AUSTRALIAN 11 August 2007
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Terence Tao", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
- Terence Tao at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- Terence Tao's entry in the Numericana Hall of Fame
- Terence Tao's results at the International Mathematical Olympiad
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